Down syndrome affects not just chromosome 21 but impacts gene expression across the entire genome, alters how genes are epigenetically regulated and spatially organized, causes long-lasting brain inflammation, and disrupts cellular metabolism. These interconnected changes influence brain development and function, but new therapies targeting these areas offer hope for improved cognition and health.

Discover how changes in glial cells and myelination affect early brain development in Down syndrome. Learn why slower brain “wiring” impacts learning and memory, and how understanding this support network can empower families to follow through with therapies and patience.