Primitive reflexes are automatic baby movements that usually disappear as the brain matures. When they don’t integrate properly, they can affect motor and cognitive skills. Many kids with Down syndrome show these retained reflexes, which can make balance, coordination, and attention harder. Therapies using gentle movements and sensory experiences to “turn off” these old reflexes and may be able to help kids move and learn better.

In Down syndrome, underlying changes from the cellular level compound to produce noticeable differences compared to neurotypical brains. How do those differences relate to typical strengths and weaknesses in Down syndrome?