Processing speed is the brain’s tempo, not its talent. Processing speed shapes how kids learn, socialize, and grow, and people with Down syndrome tend to have slower processing speed. Many people with slow processing speed thrive with tailored interventions, smart IEP accommodations, and a colorful, nutrient-rich diet. Advocate thoughtfully for flexibility and understanding and cherish each child’s unique rhythm by valuing resilience over rushing.

Down syndrome affects not just chromosome 21 but impacts gene expression across the entire genome, alters how genes are epigenetically regulated and spatially organized, causes long-lasting brain inflammation, and disrupts cellular metabolism. These interconnected changes influence brain development and function, but new therapies targeting these areas offer hope for improved cognition and health.

When explaining synaptogenesis to other parents, picture the brain as a symphony orchestra. The synapses are the crucial musical passages, those precise moments and notes where one instrument hands the melody to another, creating harmony and flow. In Down syndrome, we see fewer and weaker passages; the melody struggles to move smoothly between sections, so the music doesn’t sound as clear or coordinated. The brain’s communication system isn’t broken, but plays a complex tune

Discover how changes in glial cells and myelination affect early brain development in Down syndrome. Learn why slower brain “wiring” impacts learning and memory, and how understanding this support network can empower families to follow through with therapies and patience.

Discover how reduced neurogenesis shapes early brain development in Down syndrome. Learn how fewer neurons and altered timing impact cognition, memory, and learning—and why its important for families to understand these changes and pursue early intervention.

I never seem to run out of questions...

Series note : There is a fantastic review (current state of scientific understanding) by Russo, Sousa, and Bhattacharyya out of...

People have asked me about the recent clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 study where scientists...

In Down syndrome, underlying changes from the cellular level compound to produce noticeable differences compared to neurotypical brains. How do those differences relate to typical strengths and weaknesses in Down syndrome?

Choline supports neurodevelopment, regardless of diagnosis, but may be even more beneficial for those with developmental delays.

The ATNR is often referred to as the fencing reflex Image credit: Mikael Häggström, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 ( link ) How to...

"There is a good chance that your baby will have Down syndrome." Okay, great. What do we do with this information? While I'll spare you the details of the other 1.2 trillion things that went through my head in 2.6 seconds, you may relate because you lived through the same call. Or maybe you've delivered the unexpected news. Regardless, thanks for stopping by and considering joining the journey to understand how Down syndrome impacts neurodevelopment.